Description
Monopulse is a type of radar that sends additional information in the signal in order to avoid problems caused by rapid changes in signal strength. Monopulse is resistant to jamming which is one of the main reasons it is used in most radar systems today. This updated and expanded edition of an Artech House classic offers you a current and comprehensive treatment of monopulse radar principles, techniques, and applications. The Second Edition features two brand new chapters, covering monopulse countermeasures and counter-countermeasures and monopulse for airborne radar and homing seekers. This essential volume categorizes and describes the various forms of monopulse radar, and analyzes their capabilities and limitations. The book also devotes considerable space to monopulse circuits and hardware components, explaining their functions and performance. This practical resource features numerous photographs and illustrations drawn from actual radar systems and components. This book serves as a valuable reference for both experienced radar engineers and those new to the field.
Table Of Contents
Preface to the Second Edition ; Preface to the First Edition ; Introduction - Review of Radar Principles. Tracking Radars and the Evolution of Monopulse. A Baselineù Monopulse Radar. Advantages and Disadvantages of Monopulse. Nonradar Uses of Monopulse. ; Terminology, Definitions, and Notation - The Meaning of Monopulse. Apertures and Illumination Functions. Patterns, Lobes, and Beams. Sum and Difference Patterns. Sum and Difference Notation. Error Signals. Complex Signal Representation and Complex Envelopes. Elevation, Azimuth, and Traverse. ; The Monopulse Output as a Complex Ratio - General Principles. Relative Phase of Difference and Sum. Some Useful Relationships and Formulas. ; Components Used in Monopulse - Antenna Mounts. Antennas. Feeds. Devices for Forming Sums and Differences. Receivers. ; Amplitude-Comparison and Phase-Comparison Classification - Definitions and Examples. Phase Fronts, Phase Centers, and Related Concepts. Distinguishing Between Phase- and Amplitude-Comparison Monopulse. Distinction Based on Relative Phase of Illumination Functions. Distinction Based on Sum and Difference Patterns. Apparent Conversion of One Class to the Other. Summary of Amplitude-Comparison and Phase-Comparison Classification. ; Optimum Feeds for Space-Fed Amplitude-Comparison Monopulse Antennas - Nature of Optimization. f/D Ratio. Effect of Squint Angle in a Four-Horn Feed. Optimization of Squint Angle. Comparison with Measured Patterns. Beacon Operation. Comparison of Beam Squint Angle and Feed Offset Angle. Effect of Squint Angle on Normalized Difference Pattern. Other Feed Configurations. Summary of Feed Optimization.; Monopulse in Array Antennas - Principles of Operation. Array Coordinates. Arrays with Space Feeds. Arrays with Constrained Feeds. Classification as Amplitude or Phase Comparison. Special Types of Arrays. ; Monopulse Processors - Functions and Properties of Monopulse Processors. Range Gating. Angular Coordinates for Monopulse Calibration. Exact Monopulse Processor. Processor Using Phases and Linear Amplitudes of s and d. Processor Using I and Q. Processor Using Phases and Logarithmic Amplitudes of s and d. Processor Using Dot-Product Detector with AGC. An Approximate Dot-Product Detector. Noncoherent Processor Using Sum and Difference of |v1| and |v2|. Processor Using s + d and s ‚Üï d. Processor Using log |v1| and |v2|. Processor Using s ‚Üï d. Two-Channel Monopulse Using s + d and s ‚Üï d. Phase-Amplitude Monopulse. Multiplexed Monopulse Receivers. Conopulse. Summary of Monopulse Processors. ; Response to Unresolved Targets - Review of Monopulse Response to a Point Target. The Meaning of Unresolved Targets. Superposition as an Approximation. The Two-Target Problem. The Complex Indicated Angle. Physical Interpretation. Measurement of the Imaginary Part (Quadrature-Phase) Component. Effect of Local-Oscillator Frequency. Detection of Presence of Unresolved Targets. Mean and Variance of Indicated Angle. Weighted Mean of Indicated Angle. Possibility of Determining Angles of Unresolved Targets. Information Derivable from Real Part. Removal of Initial Assumptions. Extensions of Monopulse Techniques and Fundamental Limitations. Closed-Loop Tracking. More Than Two Targets. Nonindependent Targets. ; Monopulse Angle Errors - Error Due to Noise. Errors Due to Clutter. Dynamic Lag Error. Radar-Dependent Errors. Target-Dependent Noise Errors.; Multipath - Flat-Earth Specular Model. Effect on Detection. Effect on Closed-Loop Elevation Tracking. Types of Multipath Remedies. Beam Pattern Design. Range and Doppler Resolution. Smoothing and Averaging. Low-Eù Modes. Offset-Null Tracking. Elevation Patterns Having a Symmetrical Ratio. Double-Null Tracker. Use of the Complex Indicated Angle. Independent-Target Methods. Diffuse Multipath Effects on Monopulse. ; Monopulse Countermeasures and Countercountermeasures - Range and Doppler Denial and Deception. Generic Monopulse ECM. Exploitation of Radar Faults. ; Tracking Radar Applications of Monopulse - Surface-Based Monopulse Tracking Radars. Airborne Monopulse Tracking Radars. Monopulse Homing Seekers. ; Nontracking Radar Applications of Monopulse - Monopulse 3-D Surveillance Radars. Monopulse Secondary Surveillance Radars. Other Radar Applications. ; Special Topics - Difference and Sum Patterns Having a Ratio Proportional to Angle. The Diagonal Difference Signal. Units of Angle and Sine Space. Comparison with Rhodes ' Terminology and Classification. ; List of Symbols. About the Authors. Index ;
Author
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David K. Barton
David K. Barton is a consultant on radar systems, recently retired from ANRO Engineering, Inc., of Hudson, Massachusetts. Since 1975, he has been the series editor of Artech House's highly successful Radar series. Holder of the IEEE's Centennial Medal, Millennium Medal, and Dennis J. Picard Medal, he is widely regarded throughout the world as a leading authority on radar technology. He is the author of Radar System Analysis and Modeling (Artech House, 2004) and the co-editor of Radar Technology Encyclopedia, CD-ROM Edition (Artech House, 1999), among other publications.
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Samuel M. Sherman
Samuel M. Sherman was a leading expert in the radar engineering field. He gained his extensive experience working for several years as a manager and staff scientist at The Missile and Surface Radar Organization in the RCA Government Systems Division.